
What is Force Majeure? İzmir Lawyer | Izmir Law Firm
What is Force Majeure?
Force majeure events can generally be defined as specific actions, events, or situations beyond the control of the parties involved, such as natural disasters or the outbreak of hostilities. A force majeure clause typically exempts one or both parties from fulfilling a contract in some way following the occurrence of such events. Its basic principle is that if certain events beyond a party's control occur, that party is entitled to be exempted from or have their obligations suspended, in whole or in part.
Although this is frequently encountered in practice and in contracts The definition and conditions of force majeure are not included in private law legislation. However, while the Tax Procedure Law contains a provision regarding force majeure, there are also some regulations in relevant special laws concerning encountering force majeure events.
Article 13 – Force majeure events include: 1. Serious accidents, serious illnesses, and imprisonment that prevent the fulfillment of any tax obligations; 2. Disasters such as fire, earthquake, and flood that prevent the fulfillment of tax obligations; 3. Compulsory absences occurring outside the person's control; 4. Loss of books and documents due to reasons beyond the owner's control.
Can COVID-19 be considered a force majeure event?
While the Covid-19 pandemic may objectively qualify as a force majeure event under many legal systems and contracts, this issue requires further consideration. taking into account the specific characteristics of the case in relation to each contract Examining this is of great importance.
Force Majeure Announcement of January 25, 2021
The scope of the changes introduced by the Tax Procedure Circular No. 524, published in the Official Gazette on January 25, 2021. Businesses included in the scope will start filing tax returns 26 days after the force majeure event ends.
Bahse konu tebliğ kapsamında, COVİD-19 sebebi ile “ana faaliyet alanı itibarıyla İçişleri Bakanlığınca alınan tedbirler kapsamında geçici süreliğine faaliyetlerine tamamen ara verilmesine/faaliyetlerinin tamamen durdurulmasına karar verilen işyerlerinin bulunduğu sektörlerde faaliyette bulunan mükelleflerin 1/12/2020 tarihi (bu tarih dâhil) ila alınan karar kapsamında faaliyetlerine tekrar başlamaları uygun görülen tarih aralığında mücbir sebep halinde olduğunun kabul edilmesi uygun bulunmuştur.”
Söz konusu sektörlere “Sinema salonu, kahvehane, kıraathane, kır bahçesi, internet kafe, elektronik oyun salonu, bilardo salonu, lokal, çay bahçesi, halı saha, yüzme havuzu, hamam, sauna, lunapark faaliyetinde bulunan işletmeler” örnek gösterilebilir.
Bu kapsamda mücbir sebep halinde olduğu kabul edilen mükelleflerle ilgili olarak; kanuni verilme süresi mücbir sebep dönemine isabet eden ve bu dönemde verilmesi gereken Muhtasar Beyannameler (Muhtasar ve Prim Hizmet Beyannameleri dâhil) ve Katma Değer Vergisi Beyannameleri ile “Form Ba-Bs” bildirimlerinin verilme ve söz konusu dönem içerisinde oluşturulması ve imzalanması gereken e-Defterlerin oluşturulma ve imzalanma ile aynı sürede Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı Bilgi İşlem Sistemine yüklenmesi gereken “Elektronik Defter Beratları” ile e-Defterler ve bunlara ilişkin berat dosyalarının ikincil kopyalarının yüklenme sürelerinin mücbir sebep halinin sona ereceği tarihi izleyen ayın 26 ncı günü sonuna kadar ve bu beyannamelere istinaden tahakkuk eden vergilerin ödeme sürelerinin beyanname verme süresi uzatılan ilk dönemden başlamak üzere beyannamenin verilmesi gerektiği ayı izleyen aydan itibaren sırasıyla her bir dönem için takip eden ilgili ayın sonuna kadar uzatılması uygun bulunmuştur.
Some Examples of Force Majeure Regulations Found in Our Legislation
Article 643 – Presentation of the bill of exchange or issuance of a protest within the legally prescribed periods. The deadlines for these transactions shall be extended if they have become impossible due to an insurmountable obstacle, such as the legislation of a state or any force majeure event.
Article 228– Alıcıya ayıplı olarak devredilmiş olan satılanın ayıptan, beklenmedik hâlden veya force majeure dolayı yok olması veya ağır biçimde zarara uğraması, alıcının sözleşmeden dönme hakkını kullanmasını engellemez. Bu durumda alıcı, satılandan elinde ne kalmışsa onu geri vermekle yükümlüdür.
Article 576- Those who operate hotels, motels, guesthouses, and holiday resorts are responsible for the loss, damage, or theft of belongings brought by their guests. However, operators are not liable for any fault that can be attributed directly to the guest, or to someone visiting them, or accompanying them, or serving them., force majeure Or they are relieved of this responsibility by proving that it arose from the nature of the property itself.
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