
Lifting the Corporate Veil | Lawyer in Izmir
In the fast-paced and dynamic world of commerce, it has become necessary to introduce regulations to prevent debtors from abusing the liability structure of commercial companies based on their capital. The lifting of the corporate veil was specifically designed to prevent such malicious practices. In this context, in cases where the liability of the debtor company owner is at issue, the fact that the company's legal entity is a separate person will be disregarded, and an exception will be made to the limited liability of the partner for the specific case, allowing the company to be held fully liable for the debt, or conversely, allowing the legal entity to be held liable for the partner's debt.
Here, the application area is determined by observing certain special regulations within Article 2 of the Turkish Civil Code and the Turkish Commercial Code. The scope of application for lifting the corporate veil, which is an exceptional regulation, is increasing.
Company creditors' right to sue
Article 206– (1) Hâkim şirket ve yöneticilerinin, 203 üncü madde çerçevesinde verdikleri talimatlar dolayısıyla bağlı şirkette oluşan kayıp, o hesap yılı içinde, denkleştirilmediği veya zamanı ve şekli de belirtilerek şirkete denk bir istem hakkı tanınmadığı takdirde, Creditors who have suffered losses can file a compensation claim against the controlling company and its board members responsible for the loss. The defendants may rely on subparagraph (d) of the first paragraph of Article 202. Subparagraph (e) of the first paragraph of Article 202 shall apply to this case. (2) In receivables arising from credit and similar reasons, the defendants may be relieved of liability by proving that the plaintiff entered into the relationship giving rise to the receivable knowing that no equalization was made or that the right to claim was not granted, or that he should have known this situation due to the nature of the business.
Supreme Court Decisions
Supreme Court 19th Civil Chamber, March 25, 2008, Case No. 2007/9269, Decision No. 2008/2932.
“…Sözleşmeye imza koyan şirket ile davacı şirketin aynı gruba bağlı şirketler olduğunun aralarında organik bir bağ bulunması sebebiyle özdeşleştiğinin saptanması halinde olayda “tüzel kişilik perdesinin kaldırılması” teorisinin uygulanabileceği ve davalının sözleşme uyarınca kestiği faturalardan birinin davacı defterine kaydedilmiş olduğu da gözetilerek hüküm kurulmalıdır.”
Supreme Court 11th Civil Chamber, Case No. 2013/9984, Decision No. 2014/1248
Mahkemece davalı Holding’in sermaye artırımında kullanılmak suretiyle nakit olarak verilen ve banka aracılığıyla transfer edilmek suretiyle gelen paraların sessiz ortaklardan sağlanan paralar olup, organizasyon çatısının Anonim Şirket olduğu, yabancı şirketlerin bankadaki hesaplarına transfer yapılarak sessiz ortaklara geri dönüşün engellenmesi amacıyla Holding iştiraki olmayan şirketlere kaynak sağlandığı, şirketlerin kurulum amacının vatandaşların parasını elde etmek olduğu, davalı şahsın bu eylemlerinden gerek haksız fiil gerekse organizasyon çatısı olarak ifade edilen Holding’in başkanı olarak sorumlu olduğu, dava dışı yurt dışındaki şirketle organik ve hukuki bir bağın bulunduğu, tüzel kişilik perdesinin aralanması teorisi uyarınca paranın yatırıldığı şirketle davalı Holding’in tek bir şirket olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği, davalı şahsın da zarardan sorumlu olduğu gerekçesiyle davanın kabulüne dair verilen karar usul ve yasaya uygundur.
The 19th Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation also issued a decision on May 15, 2006, numbered 2005/8774 E. 2006/5232 K.
“The defendant Ege A.Ş.’s attempts to shift its debts to its other company, Egekim Tic. A.Ş., which is formally a different legal entity and lacks the ability to pay, should not be accepted…’
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