{"id":8008,"date":"2022-05-23T12:46:45","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T09:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=8008"},"modified":"2022-05-23T12:47:16","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T09:47:16","slug":"evlatliklarin-miras-hakki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/evlatliklarin-miras-hakki\/","title":{"rendered":"Inheritance Rights of Adopted Children"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Evlatl\u0131klar\u0131n
Inheritance Rights of Adopted Children<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Evlatl\u0131klar\u0131n Miras Hakk\u0131 – \u0130zmir Avukat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlatl\u0131k \u0130li\u015fkisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kan ba\u011f\u0131na dayanan soyba\u011f\u0131, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, ana-baba ve \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131ndaki kan ba\u011f\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ana y\u00f6n\u00fcnden soyba\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumuyla birlikte kendili\u011finden kurulmaktad\u0131r. Baba y\u00f6n\u00fcnden soyba\u011f\u0131 ise, evlilik birli\u011fi devam ederken veya evlilik birli\u011finin sona ermesinden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklarda do\u011fum ile kuruldu\u011fu gibi, baban\u0131n anayla sonradan evlenmesi, baban\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tan\u0131ma ve babal\u0131k davas\u0131nda h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 ile de kurulabilmektedir. Tabi\u00ee ki, bunun i\u00e7in ana-baba ve \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131nda kan ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur. Evl\u00e2t edinme ise, kan ba\u011f\u0131na dayanmayan yapay bir soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisidir. Bu ili\u015fki, hukuki yolla kurulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miras \u0130li\u015fkisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frudan kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan miras hakk\u0131na sahip olan ki\u015filer vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u015fu \u00a0\u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir. Kan h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunanlar, evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve altsoyu, miras b\u0131rakan ki\u015finin e\u015fi, devlet. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere evlatl\u0131k olan ki\u015fi, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan miras hakk\u0131na sahip ki\u015filerden say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Miras Hakk\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlatl\u0131k ve altsoyunun, miras b\u0131rakan yani evlat edinenin miras\u0131ndan pay alabilmeleri i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunlar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Evlat edinenin \u00f6lmesi,<\/strong><\/li>
  2. Evlat edinenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc an\u0131nda, evlatl\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131,<\/strong><\/li>
  3. Evlatl\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin devam ediyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Evlat edinme i\u015flemleri devam ederken, evlat edinmek isteyen ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcrse, i\u015flem tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli bir evlatl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda kurulmam\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan bu durumda evlatl\u0131k ve alt soyun miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmaz. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131na g\u00f6re evlatl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi ve evlatl\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda evlat edinen \u015fahs\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde yasal ve hukuki halefleri olan miras\u00e7\u0131lar davay\u0131 takip ve sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmak hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k hakk\u0131 Turkish Civil Code<\/a>\u2019nun (TMK) 314 ve 500.maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    TMK m.314<\/em><\/strong>:\u201cAna ve babaya ait olan haklar ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler evlat edinene ge\u00e7er. Evlatl\u0131k, evlat edinenin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olur. Evlatl\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise evlat edinenin soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Evlat edinen isterse \u00e7ocu\u011fa yeni bir ad verebilir. Ergin olan evlatl\u0131k, evlat edinilme s\u0131ras\u0131nda dilerse evlat edinenin soyad\u0131n\u0131 alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    E\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan birlikte evlat edinilen ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin n\u00fcfus kayd\u0131na ana ve baba ad\u0131 olarak evlat edinen e\u015flerin adlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, miras ve ba\u015fka haklar\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmemesi, aile ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi i\u00e7in evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n naklen geldi\u011fi aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile evlat edinenin aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ba\u011f kurulur. Ayr\u0131ca evlatl\u0131kla ilgili kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahkeme karar\u0131 her iki n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Evlat edinme ile ilgili kay\u0131tlar, belgeler ve bilgiler mahkeme karar\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya evlatl\u0131k istemedik\u00e7e hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    TMK m.500: \u2018\u2019<\/em><\/strong> Evl\u00e2tl\u0131k ve altsoyu, evl\u00e2t edinene kan h\u0131s\u0131m\u0131 gibi miras\u00e7\u0131 olurlar. Evl\u00e2tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendi ailesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da devam eder. Evl\u00e2t edinen ve h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, evl\u00e2tl\u0131\u011fa miras\u00e7\u0131 olmazlar.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kanuni d\u00fczenlemeden yararlan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle evlatl\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin hukuken  kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Evlat edinme i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olsun ister de evlat edinme sonras\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f olsun evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm alt soyu da evlat edinenin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anda evlatl\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan ki\u015finin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ya da \u00e7ocu\u011funun re\u015fit durumda olmas\u0131 dahi bu durumunda etki eden bir sebep olmaz ve mirasta hak sahibi olarak say\u0131l\u0131rlar. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup tek tarafl\u0131d\u0131r. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sadece onun alt soyu ve kan h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Evlatl\u0131kla \u0130lgili D\u00fczenlemeler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6z anne ve babas\u0131ndan da devam eder. B\u00f6ylelikle hem evlat edinene hem de \u00f6z anne \u2013 babas\u0131na miras\u00e7\u0131 olabilmektedir.<\/li>
    2. Evlatl\u0131k yaln\u0131zca kendisini evlat edinen ki\u015finin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olabilir. Onun e\u015finin veyahut ba\u015fka bir akrabas\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olamaz. Bu onu di\u011fer kan h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanan miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan ay\u0131ran bir \u00f6zelliktir.<\/li>
    3. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, kendisini evlat edinenden \u00f6nce vefat etti\u011fini varsayarsak da evlat edinen evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olamaz. Bu halde evlatl\u0131k tek tarafl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k getirir. Yani evlat edinen ve h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 evlatl\u0131\u011fa miras\u00e7\u0131 olamayacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Evlatl\u0131k Miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131labilir Mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Evlatl\u0131k olarak kabul edilen ki\u015fi ile ki\u015finin \u00f6z \u00e7ocu\u011fu ayn\u0131 miras hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya da miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilen ki\u015filerin mirastan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131labilece\u011fine dair i\u00e7eri\u011fe Medenin Kanunun 510.maddesinde rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Maddeye g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u201cA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda miras b\u0131rakan \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 bir tasarrufla sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Miras\u00e7\u0131, miras b\u0131rakana veya miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan birine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f ise;<\/li>
      2. Miras\u00e7\u0131, miras b\u0131rakana veya miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n ailesi \u00fcyelerine kar\u015f\u0131 aile hukukundan do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yerine getirmemi\u015f ise\u201d<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Yukar\u0131da yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmler uyar\u0131nca evlatl\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan ki\u015fide \u00f6z olarak evlat kabul olan kan h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan ki\u015fi de ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde mirastan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma durumu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilmektedir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde evlatl\u0131k olan ki\u015finin a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7 unsuru olarak ifade edilen duruma e\u015flik etmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130lgili Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131<\/em>: <\/strong>Yarg\u0131tay 14.Hukuk Dairesi de 2017\/2282 Esas, 2021\/892 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ve 15.02.2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda \u201c4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunun 314\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re evlatl\u0131k evlat edinene miras\u00e7\u0131 olur. Ayn\u0131 kanunun 500. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re ise evlatl\u0131k ve alt soyu sadece evlat edinen y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kan h\u0131s\u0131m\u0131 gibi miras\u00e7\u0131 olur. Evlat edinenin kendi miras b\u0131rakanlar\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce \u00f6lmesi halinde evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n evlat edinenin miras b\u0131rakanlar\u0131na miras\u00e7\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasada bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u201d demektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Other studies on inheritance law that may interest you:;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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