{"id":786,"date":"2018-08-30T13:25:13","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T10:25:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=786"},"modified":"2021-05-23T19:44:35","modified_gmt":"2021-05-23T16:44:35","slug":"turk-medeni-kanununa-gore-onalim-hakki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/turk-medeni-kanununa-gore-onalim-hakki\/","title":{"rendered":"Right of Pre-emption According to the Turkish Civil Code"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"T\u00fcrk<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u00d6NALIM (\u015e\u00dcFA) HAKKININ AMACI<\/a>
    1. YASAL \u00d6NALIM HAKKI<\/a><\/li>
    2. \u00d6NALIM HAKKI SAH\u0130B\u0130<\/a><\/li>
    3. KULLANMA YASA\u011eI, FERAGAT VE HAK D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcR\u00dcC\u00dc S\u00dcRE<\/a><\/li>
    4. KULLANILMASI<\/a><\/li>
    5. \u00d6NALIM HAKKININ SONA ERMES\u0130<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li>
    6. S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMEDEN DO\u011eAN \u00d6NALIM HAKKI<\/a>
      1. TANIMI, KULLANIMI, \u015eERH\u0130N ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/a><\/li>
      2. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, III. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 3. Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li>
      3. \u00d6NALIM HAKKININ KULLANILAMAYACA\u011eI HALLER<\/a><\/li>
      4. SONU\u00c7<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye sat\u0131lan bir m\u00fclk\u00fcn, bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na yetki veren, e\u015fyaya ba\u011fl\u0131 in\u015fa\u00ee, dava ile kullan\u0131lan hakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununda devir hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan bu hak yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ( TMK M.732) ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 (TMK M.735) olarak iki farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlenme \u015feklinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK. M. 732\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetine kanundan do\u011fan k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmektedir. \u0130\u015fbu k\u0131s\u0131tlama ancak payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette bir payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 halinde di\u011fer payda\u015f veya payda\u015flar\u0131n bu hakk\u0131 dava yoluyla kullanmalar\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK. M. 735. \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme yoluyla da uygulanabilir hale getirmi\u015ftir. M\u00fclkiyet sahibi, bir ba\u015fka ki\u015fiyle yapaca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile m\u00fclkiyeti kendisine ait olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 satmas\u0131 halinde, sat\u0131n almada bu ki\u015fiye \u00f6ncelik hakk\u0131 tan\u0131ma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girer. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrse ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 sat\u0131n alan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer i\u00e7in de ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanunu\u2019 nun Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz M\u00fclkiyetinin K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Devir Hakk\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kural olarak herkes m\u00fclkiyeti \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf etme hakk\u0131na sahipken; \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, ger\u00e7ekten de m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na getirilen kanuni bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmaktad\u0131r.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca bahsetti\u011fimiz \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, \u00f6ncelikle s\u00f6z konusu bu hakk\u0131n ve getirilen kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin temel amac\u0131n\u0131, akabinde bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerin tan\u0131mlar\u0131, irdelenmesi ve uygulamada ki yerini ve son olarak da s\u00f6z konusu bu d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131nda kendi fikirlerimize yer verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6NALIM (\u015e\u00dcFA) HAKKININ AMACI<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kanunumuzda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenip yer bulmas\u0131nda ki amac\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 par\u00e7alanmaktan kurtarmak, i\u015fletilmesinin daha yararl\u0131 hale getirilmesini sa\u011flamak oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 mevcuttur [2]<\/a>. Bizce de daha \u00e7ok k\u0131rsal yerle\u015fim yerlerinde miras yolu ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmek suretiyle tar\u0131m arazilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi sonucunda tar\u0131ma elveri\u015flili\u011fini kaybetmesini, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkisine yabanc\u0131 birinin dahil olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda 5403 Toprak Koruma Ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u2019 un 8\/\u0130 \u2018 nin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cTar\u0131msal arazilerin sat\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f tar\u0131msal arazi malikleri de \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Tar\u0131msal arazi, s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklerden birine sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f malikler \u00f6nal\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanamaz. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na sahip birden fazla s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f tar\u0131msal arazi malikinin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kim, tar\u0131msal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz eden s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f arazi malikine \u00f6nal\u0131ma konu tar\u0131msal arazinin m\u00fclkiyetinin devrine karar verir<\/em>\u201d ibaresine yer verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu bu husus belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz tar\u0131msal faaliyet ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in miras veya ba\u015fkaca sebepler sonucunda b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen arazilerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerinde bir d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Konu ile ilgili olarak belirtmek gerekir ki Yarg\u0131tay\u2019 \u0131n 1957 tarihli i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131nda kanun koyucunun bu d\u00fczenlemeyi yaparken ki esas gayesinin \u00fczerinde durulup, ama\u00e7lanan hususlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fclk sahibine tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisinin ihlalinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131p, aksine \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan akdin veya kanuni zorunlulu\u011fu bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Akdedilmi\u015f bulunan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n hem m\u00fclk sahibini, hem \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nan\u0131 hem de \u00fczerinde \u00f6nal\u0131m bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 iktisap eden \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi koruyucu mahiyette \u015fekil verilmi\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re yorumlanmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u201c<\/em>Ancak esas hukuk kaidelerine g\u00f6re m\u00fclkiyet serbestisini ve tasarruf muhtariyetini ana prensip olarak nazara alan vazu kanun, hissedar\u0131n temlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 tahdit ederken bu esas kaideyi de g\u00f6zden uzak tutmam\u0131\u015f ve bu tahdidi, m\u00fccerret sat\u0131\u015f akti ile mukayyet k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu itibarlad\u0131r ki, gerek nazariyat ve gerek i\u00e7tihatlar hibe, trampa, sermaye vaz\u00b4\u0131 gibi tasarruflarda \u015fufa hakk\u0131n\u0131n cereyan etmeyece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Binnetice gayesinde hibe veya buna m\u00fcmas\u0131l maksatlar, m\u00fcndemi\u00e7 bulunan akitlerde zahiren sat\u0131\u015f \u015fekli bulunsa bile \u00e2kitin hakiki maksad\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde sat\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmleri onlara te\u015fmil ve tatbik etmek hem vazukanunun maksad\u0131na ve hem de esas hukuk prensiplerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olur.<\/em>\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n TMK kapsam\u0131nda devir hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu hususlar kanunun m\u00fclk sahiplerine s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n devrinin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ki\u015finin belirlenmesinde \u00f6ncelikli ki\u015fileri belirtmi\u015f olup tasarruf hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilmesi kan\u0131m\u0131zca isabetlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ayr\u0131ca TMK kapsam\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na da yer verilmi\u015ftir. Burada kanun koyucu getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bu d\u00fczenleme ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduran ki\u015filere de tapuya \u015ferh verilmek suretiyle yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda ilgili ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n olas\u0131 bir sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda taraflarca daha \u00f6ncesinde akdedilmi\u015f bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde kullan\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz 1957 tarihli i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olup burada tekrar \u00fczerinde durmayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        TMK Madde 683. \u0130le m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n sahibine sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkiler say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bir \u015feye malik olan kimse, hukuk d\u00fczeninin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, o \u015fey \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, yararlanma ve tasarrufta bulunma yetkisine sahiptir.<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi Madde 683<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        Yine belirtmek gerekir ki AYM. 10.4.003T. 2002\/112E. 2003\/33K (RG.4.11.2003) karar\u0131nda \u201cM\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na zarar vermemek ve yasalar\u0131n koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fulu ile sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf olana\u011f\u0131 veren<\/em>\u201d hak olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130\u015fbu tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere yasalar\u0131n koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyarak ki bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalardan biri TMK. M. 732\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 olup kanun koyucu tasarruf hakk\u0131na bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmekten ziyade s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisine bir istisna getirmi\u015ftir. Nitekim burada m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sahip ki\u015fiye ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda veya sat\u0131\u015f bedeli konusunda bir engel \u00e7\u0131karmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunan payda\u015flar\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 uygulamada esas de\u011ferinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bedele sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finden ve ba\u015fkaca s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara sebebiyet verdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmu\u015ftur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu ba\u015fvuruya daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yer verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        YASAL \u00d6NALIM HAKKI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m (\u015f\u00fcfa) hakk\u0131, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetlerde s\u00f6z konusu olan bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamad\u0131r.  Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine girmeden \u00f6nce payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin izah\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette birden \u00e7ok kimse, madd\u00ee olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan bir \u015feyin tamam\u0131na belli paylarla maliktir.<\/em> \u2026<\/em> Payda\u015flardan her biri kendi pay\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan malik hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine sahip olur. Pay devredilebilir, rehnedilebilir ve alacakl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan haczettirilebilir.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet 1. Genel kurallar Madde 688-<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re e\u011fer birden fazla ki\u015fi bir e\u015fyan\u0131n tamam\u0131na payl\u0131 olarak, bu mal\u0131 maddi olarak payla\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n malik iseler, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re de payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin mevcut olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful aranmakta olup bunlar; birden fazla ki\u015finin bir mala payl\u0131 olarak malik olmas\u0131, bu mal\u0131n malikler aras\u0131nda maddi olarak payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6NALIM HAKKI SAH\u0130B\u0130<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette bir payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, di\u011fer payda\u015flar \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler.<\/span><\/em><\/p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu a. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi Madde 732<\/em><\/strong>–<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette, payda\u015flardan birinin pay\u0131n\u0131 payda\u015f olmayan birine k\u0131smen veya tamamen satmas\u0131 halinde payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet dahilinde pay\u0131 bulunan bir di\u011fer payda\u015f taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki burada pay sahibi pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen satmas\u0131 halinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f olup, k\u0131smen sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 halinde sat\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc pay sahibi k\u0131smen sat\u0131\u015ftaki pay\u0131n\u0131 satma iradesine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n veren sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemeni irdeleyecek olursak bu durumu sa\u011flayan hususlar\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin mevcudiyeti aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kanundaki \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan, ge\u00e7erli bir sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bulunmas\u0131 ve taraflar\u0131n esasl\u0131 unsurlar konusunda mutabakata varm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi bir di\u011fer i\u015flem de iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 artt\u0131rma (ihtiyari artt\u0131rma) \u015feklinde yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu sat\u0131\u015flarda da yine pay sahibinin iradesi dahilinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir sat\u0131\u015f mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sat\u0131\u015f vaadi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 konusu \u00f6\u011fretide tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olup, uygulamada \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f vaadine dayal\u0131 davan\u0131n sonu\u00e7lan\u0131p h\u00fck\u00fcm gere\u011fince tapuda tescil yap\u0131lana kadar kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a> Taraf\u0131m\u0131zca da sat\u0131\u015f vaadi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama imkan\u0131 vermemesi gerekmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019ca da kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere tapuya tescil ile alenilik kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sat\u0131\u015f vaadi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 cebri tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise bu davan\u0131n sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 akabinde tescil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Nitekim sat\u0131\u015f vaadine dayal\u0131 tapu iptal ve tescil davas\u0131 kesinle\u015fti\u011finde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f vaadi alacakl\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7se de bu durumun \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesi ve takip edilmesi olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde, tapuya \u015ferh edilmesi halinde al\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemi \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furur. Al\u0131m hakk\u0131 yenilik do\u011frucu bir hak olup al\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunan ki\u015finin tek tarafl\u0131 irade beyan\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa iletmesi halinde taraflar aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu sat\u0131\u015fa dayanarak \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 olan ki\u015fi, \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tapuya \u015ferh edilmi\u015f olan geri al\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde de geri almak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak olan devir i\u015flemi de bir sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi oldu\u011fundan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunan hak sahibi bu noktada da \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilecektir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130fa yerine ge\u00e7en edimlerin de sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi mahiyetinde de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fi kabul edilir ve bu durumda da \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki \u00fcst hakk\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda Yarg\u0131tay, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve s\u00fcrekli haklardan \u00fcst hakk\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir. \u00dcst hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ta\u015f\u0131nmaz h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu kabul edip, \u00f6\u011fretinin de bu \u015fekilde olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fcst hakk\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma imkan\u0131 verece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karara varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [6]<\/a> Fakat akabinde Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n intifa hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 vermedi\u011fini kabul etti\u011fini de burada s\u00f6ylemek gerekmektedir \u201cAksine bir d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131k\u00e7a sahibine konusu \u00fczerinde tam yararlanma yetkisi sa\u011flar. M\u00fclkiyetten gayri ayni hak olan intifa hakk\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetini nakleden i\u015flemlerden de\u011fildir. \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131 ile bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n belli bir s\u00fcre ya da s\u00fcresiz kullanma, yararlanma hakk\u0131 elde edilmi\u015f olur.\u201d[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        KULLANMA YASA\u011eI, FERAGAT VE HAK D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcR\u00dcC\u00dc S\u00dcRE<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Cebr\u00ee art\u0131rmayla sat\u0131\u015flarda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan feragatin resm\u00ee \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh verilmesi gerekir. Belirli bir sat\u0131\u015fta \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan vazge\u00e7me, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekle t\u00e2bidir ve sat\u0131\u015ftan \u00f6nce veya sonra yap\u0131labilir.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

        Yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015f, al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer payda\u015flara noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirilir.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n hak sahibine bildirildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her h\u00e2lde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinden iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/em><\/span><\/p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu b. Kullanma yasa\u011f\u0131, feragat ve hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre Madde 733<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130lk f\u0131krada payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetteki pay\u0131n, iradi sat\u0131\u015flar dahilinde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonras\u0131nda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 haller ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan burada \u00fczerinde durmayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan feragat edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ancak bunun resmi \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131p tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilmesi gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Yarg\u0131tay tapuda sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunan di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n \u015fahit olarak bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, kendisinin sat\u0131\u015ftan haberdar olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan feragat edildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Belirtmek gerekir ki belirli bir sat\u0131\u015fta \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmadan feragatin herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde, sat\u0131\u015ftan \u00f6nce veya sonra yap\u0131labilir. Yani adi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde de belirli sat\u0131\u015flarda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilebilir. Fakat bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil ispat \u015fekli i\u00e7in de\u011fil ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fekli olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        TMK Madde 733\u2019 \u00fcn son f\u0131kras\u0131nda s\u00fcrelerden bahsedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lgili bu s\u00fcreleri \u015fu \u015fekilde ele almam\u0131z izah\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r; \u00d6ncelikle Hakk\u0131n devam s\u00fcresi, sonras\u0131nda hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi ve en son olarak da hakk\u0131n korunma s\u00fcresi. Bu s\u00fcreler \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Hakk\u0131n devam s\u00fcresi olarak nitelendirdi\u011fimiz unsur payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince payda\u015f\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi ise sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ile ba\u015flayan \u2013ki bu durum kanunda al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n veya sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibine bildirdi\u011fi tarih olarak nitelendirilir- \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre ve son olarak da hakk\u0131n korunma s\u00fcresi. Hakk\u0131n korunma s\u00fcresi ise sat\u0131\u015f tarihinden ba\u015flayan ve herhalde iki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreye tabi olan zaman\u0131 ifade eder. E\u011fer \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi sat\u0131\u015ftan itibaren iki y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmazsa bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 yitirecektir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilgili bu s\u00fcreler hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre olup, s\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00fcrelerin ge\u00e7mesinden sonra a\u00e7\u0131lacak bir \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131nda Hakim Re\u2019sen bu s\u00fcrelere dikkat edecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibine ilgili sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n hangi tarihte ne kadar bedelli, pay\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yani k\u0131saca hak sahibine a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde bir bildirimde bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmeden veya sadece s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak yani kanunun belirledi\u011fi \u015fartlar haricinde bir yol ile bildirimde bulunmas\u0131 halinde \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre de i\u015flemeyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Konu ile ilgili olarak \u00e7ok\u00e7a Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 mevcuttur. \u00d6rne\u011fin Hukuk Genel Kurulu 2005 tarihli bir karar\u0131nda \u201c\u2026kanuni \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibine al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 kesin olarak ba\u015fka bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 s\u00fcrenin i\u015flemesine yol a\u00e7maz. Somut olaya gelince; kanuni \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi davac\u0131n\u0131n bizzat kendisi taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131c\u0131 ve sat\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilen ihtarname ile sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini ve \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015f olmas\u0131; a\u00e7\u0131klanan h\u00fck\u00fcmler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kanunun arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda ve s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak nitelikte bir bildirim de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frenme ile hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre ba\u015flamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7ti\u011finden de s\u00f6z edilemez. Davac\u0131n\u0131n kendisine yap\u0131lan bir bildirim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sat\u0131\u015ftan itibaren iki y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava s\u00fcresindedir ve davac\u0131 dava yoluyla \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d [9]<\/strong><\/a> <\/em>denilerek noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bildirimin \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcreyi ba\u015flatmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        KULLANILMASI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6<\/em>nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131larak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

        \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi, ad\u0131na pay\u0131n tesciline karar verilmeden \u00f6nce, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ile al\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fen tapu giderlerini, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde h\u00e2kimin belirleyece\u011fi yere nakden yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/span><\/p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu c. Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Madde 734-<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130lgili h\u00fck\u00fcmde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 pay\u0131 sat\u0131n alan ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Burada davac\u0131 \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi olan ki\u015fi, daval\u0131 ise pay\u0131 satan alan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fidir. Pay\u0131n\u0131 devreden ise dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim Noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile s\u00f6z konusu sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n bildirimi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de sat\u0131n alan ki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisi bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e de \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibinin \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcresi ba\u015flamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130kinci f\u0131kran\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi ise uygulamada yer alan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n depo edilmesi i\u015flemi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, Hakim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir. Kanunda nakden yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fulu getirilmi\u015ftir. Bunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi ise de daha \u00f6ncelerinde banka teminat mektubu ile bu bedelin depo edilip kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6NALIM HAKKININ SONA ERMES\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

         Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkisinde t\u00fcm paylar\u0131n tek bir payda\u015fta toplanmas\u0131 halinde veya elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle sona erebilece\u011fi gibi payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete tabi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yok olmas\u0131 durumunda da \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 son bulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hemen belirtelim ki payda\u015f\u0131n, ileride yap\u0131lacak t\u00fcm sat\u0131\u015flarda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan feragat etmesi halinde de \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 sona erecektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMEDEN DO\u011eAN \u00d6NALIM HAKKI<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        TANIMI, KULLANIMI, \u015eERH\u0130N ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh verilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, \u015ferhte belirtilen s\u00fcrede ve belirtilen ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re her malike kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. K\u00fct\u00fckte ko\u015fullar belirtilmemi\u015fse ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

        \u015eerhin etkisi her durumda, \u015ferhin verildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden on y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle sona erer.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

        Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ve vazge\u00e7meye ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131<\/em>r.<\/span><\/p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu-S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 Madde 735-<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.[10]<\/a> Kanunda tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh verilmesinden bahsedilmi\u015ftir. \u015eerh verilmesi halinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ayni hak g\u00fcc\u00fcnde olup herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilecektir. Tapuya \u015ferh verilmemesi halinde ise adi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ancak taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Tapuya \u015ferh edilmi\u015f bir hakk\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fi kabul edilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tapu sicili herkese a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r, kimse tapu sicilinde bulunan bir kayd\u0131 bilmedi\u011fini iddia edemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tapuya verilen \u015ferhte ko\u015ful ve s\u00fcreler belirtilmi\u015f olsun ya da olmas\u0131n, \u015ferhin etkisi on y\u0131ld\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f yolu ile iktisap eden her malike kar\u015f\u0131 tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh koyulmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan on y\u0131l[11]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> s\u00fcresince bu hak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir haldedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin hak sahibine al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmesinden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her halde sat\u0131mdan itibaren iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. E\u011fer ki bu hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcreler dahilinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmazsa ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 iktisap etmi\u015f olan son malike kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r ne var ki bu on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015fka bir sat\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda ise \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibinin \u015ferh dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile ayni hak g\u00fcc\u00fcnde bulunan hakk\u0131 hala devam etti\u011finden bu noktada kendisinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kime kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusu, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n tapuya \u015ferh edilip edilmedi\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin al\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131na tescil edilip edilmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, III. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131<\/em> 3. Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen hak sahibi, bu hak \u015ferhedilmi\u015f ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti al\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131na tescil edilmi\u015fse al\u0131c\u0131ya; aksi takdirde sat\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n veya ekonomik bak\u0131mdan sat\u0131\u015fa e\u015fde\u011fer ba\u015fka bir i\u015flemin kendisine bildirildi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her h\u00e2lde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7mak zorundad\u0131r.<\/span><\/em><\/p>MADDE 242- <\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        Yukar\u0131da verilen ilgili kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere iki ko\u015fullu durum s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n tapuya \u015ferhi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyeti de al\u0131c\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015f ise al\u0131c\u0131ya dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bu durumlardan birinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi halinde dava sat\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n devredilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ancak taraflar bunun aksini kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilirler. Miras yolu ile ge\u00e7mesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[12]<\/a> Bu haklar\u0131ndevredilebilece\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeylekararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, devir i\u015flemi hakk\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz. Yani devir i\u015flemi de yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekle tabi tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131nda, yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve vazge\u00e7meye ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 TMK m.735\/son f\u0131krada belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u201cYasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ve vazge\u00e7meye ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>B\u00f6ylelikle yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131nda belirtilen vazge\u00e7me ve \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yollama da bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n