{"id":7085,"date":"2022-01-03T09:00:56","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T06:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=7085"},"modified":"2022-01-09T10:00:39","modified_gmt":"2022-01-09T07:00:39","slug":"gabin-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/gabin-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Gabin?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Gabin
What is Gabin?<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Gabin Nedir? | \u0130zmir Avukat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131m olarak gabin nedir? \u201cA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yararlanma\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ifa edilen edimler aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde olan orans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Gabin durumunda taraflardan birinin zay\u0131f durumundan kaynakl\u0131 olarak di\u011fer taraf\u0131n bu durumdan yararlanmak istemesi sebebiyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yararlanma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tarafa orans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 veren hukuki bir d\u00fczenlemedir. Bu \u015fekilde s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki taraflar\u0131n edim dengesini sa\u011flanmaya ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bor\u00e7lar hukukunda kabul edilen genel ilke s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisidir. Bu ilke uyar\u0131nca ki\u015filer, aralar\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fme i\u00e7eri\u011fini kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilirler. S\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini istedikleri \u015fekilde olu\u015fturabilir, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak istedikleri borcu y\u00fcklenebilirler. BK. 27. Maddesine g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kanunun emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, ahlaka, kamu d\u00fczenine, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 veyakonusu imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bu nedenlerle h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olmas\u0131, t\u00fcm s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz hale getirmez. Ancak, h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin temellerini olu\u015fturuyorsa, yani bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fme tamamen h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gabinin Unsurlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gabinin unsurlar\u0131 kanunda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar s\u00f6zle\u015fmede taraflardan birinin zor durumda kalmas\u0131, deneyimsizli\u011fi iken kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n bundan yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da di\u011fer bir unsurudur. Bununla birlikte, bu zor durumda kalma, ki\u015finin \u015fah\u0131s veya malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gabinin <\/em><\/strong>O<\/em><\/strong>lu\u015fmas\u0131 <\/em><\/strong>\u0130<\/em><\/strong>\u00e7in;<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
  1. Edimler aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k bulunmas\u0131<\/li>
  2. Bu orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, taraflardan birinin zor durumda kalmas\u0131ndan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizli\u011finden ya da deneyimsizli\u011finden kaynaklanmal\u0131,<\/li>
  3. Di\u011fer taraf, zarar g\u00f6ren taraf\u0131n bu halinden yararlanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Kanun Maddesini \u0130nceleyeccek Olursak:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Turkish Code of Obligations<\/a> III. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yararlanma<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    MADDE 28-<\/strong> Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 edimler aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k varsa, bu orans\u0131zl\u0131k, zarar g\u00f6renin zor durumda kalmas\u0131ndan veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizli\u011finden ya da deneyimsizli\u011finden yararlan\u0131lmak suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi takdirde, zarar g\u00f6ren, durumun \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ya s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer tarafa bildirerek ediminin geri verilmesini ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak edimler aras\u0131ndaki orans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir. Zarar g\u00f6ren bu hakk\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizlik veya deneyimsizli\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi; zor durumda kalmada ise, bu durumun ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ve her h\u00e2lde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarihten ba\u015flayarak be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kullanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gabinin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede gabin s\u00f6z konusu ise, s\u00f6zle\u015fme iptal olacak, edimler yerine getirilmeyecek ve varsa al\u0131nanlar da iade edilecektir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ise \u00f6rne\u011fin ki\u015finin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k elden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi; bu durumlarda da gabine dayal\u0131 olarak dava a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r.  \u00d6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klayacak olursak, bir tapu iptal ve tescil davas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer olan asliye hukuk mahkemesine ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r. Gabin davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken talebin tam ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirtilmesi, kanun maddeleri ve Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 ile desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kanunumuzda gabin i\u00e7in bir ve be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreler hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 deneyimsizli\u011finden yararlanan ki\u015finin bunu \u00f6\u011frenmesinden itibaren ba\u015flamakla birlikte her hal\u00fckarda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu andan itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde gabin iddias\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gabin ile \u0130lgili Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    T.C. YARGITAY 1. HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130 E. 2012\/10938 K. 2012\/10436 T. 01.10.2012<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gabinden s\u00f6z edilebilmesi i\u00e7in objektif unsur olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla birlikte bir taraf\u0131n darda kalma, tecr\u00fcbesizlik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizlik hallerinin bulunmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer taraf\u0131n da yararlanmak, s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek kast\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u015feklinde iki subjektif unsurun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Gabinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclene 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmek ve iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak hakk\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131p iddias\u0131n\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat ile verdiklerini geri isteme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131r. Bununla birlikte gabin davas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6ncelikle objektif unsurlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde durulmal\u0131, objektif unsur ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ki\u015filik, ya\u015f, sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu, ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc gibi subjektif unsurlar derinli\u011fine ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T.C. Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi Esas No:2014\/2376 Karar No:2015\/3233 K. <\/strong>Tarihi:4.3.2015: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda terekesi elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabiidir. Davada davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka miras\u00e7\u0131lar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Terekeye kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan m\u00fclkiyetten kaynaklanan haks\u0131z fiil niteli\u011findeki ehliyetsizlik, vekaletin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, hata, hile, gabin gibi davalarda t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bir arada hareket etmesi, davay\u0131 birlikte a\u00e7malar\u0131 yahut miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin terekeye aide \u015feklinde dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde de t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davada temsil edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak somut olayda davac\u0131lar hata-hile-gabin nedenlerine dayal\u0131 dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olsa da davan\u0131n dinlenme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T.C. <\/strong>Y<\/strong>Arg\u0131tay <\/strong>4.H<\/strong>ukuk <\/strong>D<\/strong>airesi<\/strong> 25.1.1949 T. 1949\/611 E. 1949\/231 K.:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cDava: Gabin, hata ve hile sebebi ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshi talebinden ibaret bulunmas\u0131na g\u00f6re her biri Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun ba\u015fka ba\u015fka h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi gabin, hata ve hileden hangisine istinat etti\u011fi davac\u0131dan sorularak davas\u0131 tavzih ettirilmek ve ondan sonra duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmak laz\u0131md\u0131r. H\u00fckm\u00fcn BOZULMASINA,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    You may also be interested in the following studies:;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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