{"id":6736,"date":"2021-11-02T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=6736"},"modified":"2021-11-03T20:04:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T17:04:00","slug":"dogum-izni-sut-iznir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/dogum-izni-sut-iznir\/","title":{"rendered":"Maternity Leave & Breastfeeding Leave"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Do\u011fum<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fum \u0130zni & S\u00fct \u0130zni | \u0130zmir Avukat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dilek Yavuz Uysal<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler, hamile olmas\u0131 ile birlikte hukuk sistemimizde kanuni d\u00fczenlemeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde korunmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa m.50\/2\u2019de \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve kad\u0131nlar ile bedeni ve ruhi yetersizli\u011fi olanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel olarak korunurlar.\u201d \u015eeklinde getirilen d\u00fczenleme ile kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme getirilebilece\u011finin temeli olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Akabinde ise, 4857 s. \u0130\u015f Kanunun m.74 ile \u201cAnal\u0131k Halinde \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve S\u00fct \u0130zni\u201d maddesince kad\u0131nlara getirilen \u00fccretsiz izin hakk\u0131 s\u00fcresi art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

4857 s. \u0130\u015f Kanunun m.74 h\u00fckm\u00fcyle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin do\u011fuma ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamalar\u0131, hangi s\u00fcrelerde ne zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayacaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin esaslar, erken do\u011fum hali, do\u011fum an\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm, evlat edinme durumu, do\u011fumdan sonra istenilebilecek \u00fccretsiz izni, s\u00fct iznini ve maddenin ki\u015fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulama alan\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130lgili kanun maddeleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni D\u00fczenlemeler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK<\/a>. M.74\/1) Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hamile kalmas\u0131 ile birlikte do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 gereken s\u00fcreler kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce sekiz ve do\u011fumdan sonra sekiz hafta olmak \u00fczere toplam on alt\u0131 haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamalar\u0131 esast\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011ful gebelik halinde do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacak sekiz haftal\u0131k s\u00fcreye iki hafta s\u00fcre eklenir. Ancak, sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu uygun oldu\u011fu takdirde, doktorun onay\u0131 ile kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i isterse do\u011fumdan \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 haftaya kadar i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Bu durumda, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreler do\u011fum sonras\u0131 s\u00fcrelere eklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK. M.74\/3)Bu s\u00fcreler i\u015f\u00e7inin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna ve i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce ve sonra gerekirse art\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK. M.74\/1) Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin erken do\u011fum yapmas\u0131 halinde ise do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacak s\u00fcreler, do\u011fum sonras\u0131 s\u00fcrelere eklenmek suretiyle kulland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Do\u011fumda veya do\u011fum sonras\u0131nda annenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde, do\u011fum sonras\u0131 kullan\u0131lamayan s\u00fcreler babaya kulland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Anne ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise babaya mezkur izin kulland\u0131r\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK. M.74\/1)Do\u011fumla kullan\u0131lan izinler sadece kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olup evlat edinen kad\u0131n ya da erkeklere de hak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fu evlat edinen e\u015flerden birine veya evlat edinene \u00e7ocu\u011fun aileye fiilen teslim edildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren sekiz hafta anal\u0131k h\u00e2li izni kulland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK<\/a>. M.74\/2)Do\u011fum sonras\u0131 anal\u0131k h\u00e2li izninin bitiminden itibaren \u00e7ocu\u011funun bak\u0131m\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayatta olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ile \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fu evlat edinen kad\u0131n veya erkek i\u015f\u00e7ilere istekleri h\u00e2linde birinci do\u011fumda altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn, ikinci do\u011fumda y\u00fcz yirmi g\u00fcn, sonraki do\u011fumlarda ise y\u00fcz seksen g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar \u00fccretsiz izin verilir. \u00c7o\u011ful do\u011fum h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrelere otuzar g\u00fcn eklenir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun engelli do\u011fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcre \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn olarak uygulan\u0131r. Bu f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlan\u0131lan s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fct iznine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK. M.74\/4)Hamilelik s\u00fcresince kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye periyodik kontroller i\u00e7in \u00fccretli izin verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK. M.74\/5)Hekim raporu ile gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde, hamile kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygun daha hafif i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu halde i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fccretinde bir indirim yap\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130\u015fK. M.74\/6)\u0130ste\u011fi halinde kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye, on alt\u0131 haftal\u0131k s\u00fcrenin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan veya \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik halinde on sekiz haftal\u0131k s\u00fcreden sonra alt\u0131 aya kadar \u00fccretsiz izin verilir. Bu izin, \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fu evlat edinme h\u00e2linde e\u015flerden birine veya evlat edinene verilir. Bu s\u00fcre, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin hakk\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fum \u0130zni Uzat\u0131labilir Mi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anne adaylar\u0131, doktorunun izni dahilinde do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi 8 haftal\u0131k izninin 5 haftas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fumdan sonra kullanabilir. Ancak do\u011fuma 3 hafta kala izne \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u00e7bir hamile kad\u0131n, do\u011fuma kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Doktorun verdi\u011fi, “37. gebelik haftas\u0131na kadar daha 5 hafta s\u00fcre ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda gebeli\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden sak\u0131nca bulunmamaktad\u0131r” yaz\u0131l\u0131 rapor ile anne aday\u0131, 5 haftal\u0131k iznini do\u011fum sonras\u0131na aktarabilir. Bu durumda anne aday\u0131 8+5 yani toplamda 13 haftal\u0131k izin s\u00fcresi kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip olur, bu s\u00fcre de 91 g\u00fcne e\u015f de\u011ferdir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlara, 16 haftal\u0131k izin s\u00fcresi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra 6 aya kadar \u00fccretsiz izin verilebilir. Ancak bu s\u00fcre, i\u015f\u00e7inin y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin hakk\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi 2007\/27521 E. 2008\/25157 K. 26.09.2008 T. Karar\u0131nda; <\/strong>\u201c4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu’nun 74. maddesinin 5. f\u0131kras\u0131nda “iste\u011fi halinde kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye on alt\u0131 haftal\u0131k s\u00fcrenin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan veya \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik halinde on sekiz haftal\u0131k s\u00fcreden sonra alt\u0131 aya kadar \u00fccretsiz izin verilir” h\u00fckm\u00fc mevcuttur. Maddenin i\u00e7eri\u011fine ve d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “izin verilir” \u015feklinde emredici mahiyette oldu\u011fu, i\u015f\u00e7inin talep etmesi halinde yasal \u00fccretli do\u011fum izinlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra i\u015fverence 6 aya karar \u00fccretsiz izin verilmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130znin verilmesi i\u015fverenin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i yasal do\u011fum izinlerini kulland\u0131ktan sonra talepte bulunmak \u015fart\u0131yla 6 aya kadar \u00fccretsiz izin kullanabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fct \u0130zni<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere bir ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 emzirmeleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde toplam bir bu\u00e7uk saat s\u00fct izni verilir. Bu s\u00fct izni s\u00fcrelerinin hangi saatler aras\u0131nda ve ka\u00e7a b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i kendisi belirler. Bu s\u00fcre g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinden say\u0131l\u0131r.K\u0131smi zamanl\u0131 \u00fccretsiz izin hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye s\u00fct izni kulland\u0131r\u0131lmaz. S\u00fct izninin haftal\u0131k ya da ayl\u0131k olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasalara ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ancak 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu’na g\u00f6re, iznin kanuna uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda hi\u00e7bir cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi 13.06.2016 T. 2015\/12878 E., 2016\/17527 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda <\/strong>; Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere bir ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 emzirmeleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde toplam bir bu\u00e7uk saat s\u00fct izni verilir. Bu s\u00fcrenin hangi saatler aras\u0131nda ve ka\u00e7a b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i kendisi belirler. Bu s\u00fcre g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinden say\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fct izni verilmeyip kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da buna g\u00f6re \u00f6denece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dccretsiz \u0130zin Kullanma Hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan s\u00fcrelerin bitiminde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131smi veya tam s\u00fcreli \u00fccretsiz izin kullanabilir. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin ne kadar s\u00fcre ile \u00fccretsiz izne ayr\u0131labilece\u011fi kanunda detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Do\u011fum izni sonras\u0131nda k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00fccretsiz izin hakk\u0131 ya da tam s\u00fcreli \u00fccretsiz izin hakk\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For legal advice on this matter, please contact our expert team. Contact <\/a>page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other works we have prepared within the scope of Labor Law;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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