{"id":6513,"date":"2021-10-01T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=6513"},"modified":"2021-10-03T15:21:10","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T12:21:10","slug":"genel-islem-kosullari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/genel-islem-kosullari\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the General Terms and Conditions?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Genel<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Genel \u0130\u015flem Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Nedir? | \u0130zmir Avukat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk Bo\u00e7lar Kanunu<\/a> kapsam\u0131nda genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken d\u00fczenleyenin, ileride \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanmak amac\u0131yla, \u00f6nceden, tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlayarak kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sundu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fme metninde veya ekinde yer almas\u0131, kapsam\u0131, yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekli, nitelendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz. Ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la d\u00fczenlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin metinlerinin bire bir ayn\u0131 olmamas\u0131, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye veya ayr\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye konulan bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n her birinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak kabul edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, onlar\u0131 genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler, sunduklar\u0131 hizmetleri kanun veya yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan verilen izinle y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere de, niteliklerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Say\u0131lma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n menfaatine ayk\u0131r\u0131 genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kapsam\u0131na girmesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fczenleyenin kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa, bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilgi verip, bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131na ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n da bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 kabul etmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yani s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda t\u00fcketici aleyhine d\u00fczenlenen hususlara ili\u015fkin t\u00fcketiciye a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilgi verilmemesi ve bunu \u00f6\u011frenme imkan\u0131 verilmemesi durumunda, genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011fine ve i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine yabanc\u0131 olan genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 da yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lan genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korur. Bu durumda d\u00fczenleyen, yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lan ko\u015fullar olmasayd\u0131 di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yapmayacak oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yorumlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yer alan bir h\u00fck\u00fcm, a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r de\u011filse veya birden \u00e7ok anlama geliyorsa, d\u00fczenleyenin aleyhine ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n lehine yorumlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tek Tarafl\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirme Yasa\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede veya ayr\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan ve d\u00fczenleyene tek yanl\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131 taraf aleyhine genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirme ya da yeni d\u00fczenleme getirme yetkisi veren kay\u0131tlar yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7erik Denetimi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131na, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n aleyhine veya onun durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte h\u00fck\u00fcmler konulamaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supreme Court Decisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

SUPREME COURT<\/strong> HUKUK GENEL KURULU<\/strong> E. 2014\/855<\/strong> K. 2016\/187<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraflar\u0131ndan birinin, ileride kuraca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e2kidine de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden kabul edilmek \u00fczere sunma niyetiyle, \u00f6nceden, tek yanl\u0131 olarak saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edebilmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 aran\u0131r. Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 kural olarak bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011fini d\u00fczenlemek \u00fczere haz\u0131rlan\u0131rlar ve bu faaliyet tek tarafl\u0131 olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ama\u00e7, birden fazla s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinde kullan\u0131lacak \u015fartlar\u0131 saptamak ve bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e2kidin m\u00fcdahalesine imkan tan\u0131madan bir k\u00fcl olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dahil etmektir. Bu \u015fartlar\u0131n nas\u0131l haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00f6k\u00fclmedi\u011fi, yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc, metnin s\u00f6zle\u015fme metnine dahil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hususlar genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 nitelendirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz. Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edebilmek i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e2kidin bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine etki edememi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sebeple genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131; a) Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131, b) S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce d\u00fczenlenmeleri, c) Birden fazla s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenmeleri, d) Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 kullanan taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dahil edilmek niyetiyle kar\u015f\u0131 akide sunulmalar\u0131d\u0131r (Ye\u015fim M. Atamer, S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Sorunu \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n Denetlenmesi, 2. Bas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2001, s. 61 vd.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa uygulanmas\u0131 gereken m\u00fclga 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun (TKHK)’nun \u201cS\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki haks\u0131z \u015fartlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 6. maddesi; \u201cSat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketiciyle m\u00fczakere etmeden, tek tarafl\u0131 olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye koydu\u011fu, taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinde iyi niyet kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek bi\u00e7imde t\u00fcketici aleyhine dengesizli\u011fe neden olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131 haks\u0131z \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taraflardan birini t\u00fcketicinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan haks\u0131z \u015fartlar t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. E\u011fer bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fsa ve \u00f6zellikle standart s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer almas\u0131 sebebiyle t\u00fcketici i\u00e7eri\u011fine etki edememi\u015fse, o s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketiciyle m\u00fczakere edilmedi\u011fi kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesinden, standart s\u00f6zle\u015fme oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki bir \u015fart\u0131n belirli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n veya m\u00fcnferit bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fczakere edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131na bu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, bir standart \u015fart\u0131n m\u00fcnferiden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa, bunu ispat y\u00fck\u00fc ona aittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6\/A, 6\/B, 6\/C, 7, 9, 9\/A, 10, 10\/A ve 11\/A maddelerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen t\u00fcketici s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri en az oniki punto ve koyu siyah harflerle d\u00fczenlenir ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede bulunmas\u0131 gereken \u015fartlardan bir veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 durumunda eksiklik s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini etkilemez. Bu eksiklik sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan derhal giderilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakanl\u0131k standart s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde yer alan haks\u0131z \u015fartlar\u0131n tespit edilmesine ve bunlar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme metninden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na dair usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirler.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, standart s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde yer alan genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131ndan haks\u0131z olanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur….<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 23. Hukuk Dairesi E: 2018\/1425, K: 2427<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davac\u0131 taraf, Ba\u011flant\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n cezai \u015farta ili\u015fkin 16. maddesinde uyar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu iddia etmektedir. 31.05.2012 tarihli Sistem Kullan\u0131m Anla\u015fmas\u0131nda cezai \u015fartlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 9. madde ihlalleri i\u00e7in uyar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da cezai \u015farta ili\u015fkin Sistem Kullan\u0131m Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Ba\u011flant\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131nda uyar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7eli\u015fik h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunmas\u0131 halinde hangisine de\u011fer verilece\u011fi hususu \u00fczerinde durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Daval\u0131n\u0131n hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tek sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 konumunda olmas\u0131, bu nedenle s\u00f6zle\u015fme i\u00e7eri\u011fini tek tarafl\u0131 belirleme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn elinde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 31.05.2012 tarihinde revize edilen sistem kullan\u0131m anlamas\u0131n\u0131n cezai \u015farta ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fc TBK’n\u0131n 20\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu niteli\u011finde kabul edilerek, 25. madde gere\u011fince yap\u0131lan i\u00e7erik denetimi gere\u011fince cezai \u015fart\u0131n ancak davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ihlalin uyar\u0131ya ra\u011fmen giderilememesi halinde uygulanabilece\u011fi \u015feklinde kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For legal advice on this matter, please contact our expert team. Contact <\/span><\/a>page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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