{"id":6127,"date":"2021-08-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=6127"},"modified":"2021-08-19T13:37:12","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T10:37:12","slug":"ayrimcilik-tazminati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/ayrimcilik-tazminati\/","title":{"rendered":"Discrimination Compensation"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k
Discrimination Compensation<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Tazminat\u0131 | \u0130zmir \u0130\u015f Hukuku Avukat\u0131<\/strong> | Av .Dilek Yavuz Uysal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Discrimination Compensation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denen tazminatlardan biridir. Bu tazminat, e\u015fit davranma borcunun ihlali sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. E\u015fit davranma borcunun kayna\u011f\u0131 ise Constitution <\/a>m. 10 ve Labor Law |<\/a> Madde 5 tir. E\u015fit davranma borcu ayn\u0131 nitelikteki i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusudur. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131, i\u015fverenin e\u015fit davranma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali durumunda i\u015f\u00e7iye d\u00f6rt aya kadar \u00fccreti tutar\u0131nda verilebilecek olan tazminatt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131ndan ba\u015fka yoksun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer haklar\u0131n\u0131 da talep edebilir. Bunlar sosyal yard\u0131mlar, ikramiye, prim ve uygulanan zamlar olarak \u00f6rneklenebilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131n\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu’nda inceleyecek olursak 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu Madde 5 : ” \u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinde dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, engellilik, siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsef\u00ee inan\u00e7, din ve mezhep ve benzeri sebeplere dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lamaz. \u0130\u015fveren, esasl\u0131 sebepler olmad\u0131k\u00e7a tam s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iye, belirsiz s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda belirli s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iye farkl\u0131 i\u015flem yapamaz. \u0130\u015fveren, biyolojik veya i\u015fin niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin sebepler zorunlu k\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bir i\u015f\u00e7iye, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda, uygulanmas\u0131nda ve sona ermesinde, cinsiyet veya gebelik nedeniyle do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015flem yapamaz. Ayn\u0131 veya e\u015fit de\u011ferde bir i\u015f i\u00e7in cinsiyet nedeniyle daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin cinsiyeti nedeniyle \u00f6zel koruyucu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir \u00fccretin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaz. \u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinde veya sona ermesinde yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i, d\u00f6rt aya kadar \u00fccreti tutar\u0131ndaki uygun bir tazminattan ba\u015fka yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 da talep edebilir. 2821 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Kanununun 31 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r. ” \u015eeklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasan\u0131n 10. Maddesinde de Kanun \u00d6n\u00fcnde E\u015fitlik ilkesi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddedeki ifade aynen \u015fu \u015fekildedir. \u201c Herkes, dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsefi inan\u00e7, din, mezhep ve benzeri sebeplerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmeksizin kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fittir.\u201d  Her iki madde, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131ndaki temel dayanak noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Tazminat\u0131 Hallerine \u00d6rnek<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin hamile olmas\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ve hamile i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep de\u011fildir. Hamile oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 talep edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.  \u0130\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilere zam yap\u0131l\u0131rken herhangi bir hakl\u0131 neden olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir veya birka\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i, zam uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa bu durum i\u015fverenin e\u015fit davranma borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil edece\u011fi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat haklar\u0131 do\u011facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin nitelikleri ve i\u015fin gereklililkleri g\u00f6zetilerek i\u015f\u00e7ilerin farkl\u0131 \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak i\u015fveren nitelik veya ba\u015fka hakl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin \u00fccret artt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015fsa bunu b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerine yapmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu konuda bir veya birka\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7iyi zam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ayn\u0131 i\u015f kolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan erkek i\u015f\u00e7i ile kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye s\u0131rf cinsiyetleri farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fccret ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapamaz. Fakat i\u015fin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i \u015fehir i\u00e7i ve \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rahatl\u0131kla araba kullan\u0131yor erkek i\u015f\u00e7i \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda araba kullanam\u0131yor ve i\u015f, niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi araba kullanmay\u0131 gerektiriyorsa kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye daha fazla maa\u015f verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Tazminat\u0131 \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi 2012\/33335 Esas, 2014\/25434 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131nda <\/em>\u201cE\u015e\u0130T DAVRANMA ilkesinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinin i\u015f\u00e7ileri olma, i\u015fyerinde topluluk bulunmas\u0131, kollektif uygulaman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, zamanda birlik ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ko\u015fullar\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u201d karar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. O halde, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 istemenin baz\u0131 hukuki \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunlar :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u0130\u015fyerinin Ayn\u0131 Olmas\u0131<\/li>
  2. Ayn\u0131 Zaman Dilimi \u0130\u00e7inde Yer Alma<\/li>
  3. \u0130\u015fyerinde Bir \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Toplulu\u011funun Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>
  4.   Kollektif Bir Uygulama Olmas\u0131 \/ S\u00fcregelen Uygulaman\u0131n D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Bir Davran\u0131\u015f Olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Bu \u015fartlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan temel sebep, iddia edilen e\u015fit davranma borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturacak hususlar\u0131n bir arada bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iki farkl\u0131 yerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7inin birbirleri aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tabi tutulduklar\u0131ndan bahsedilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Tazminat\u0131 Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin son br\u00fct \u00fccreti \u00fczerinden hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin en az 1, en fazla 4 aya kadar \u00fccreti tutar\u0131nda tazminata h\u00fckmedilmektedir. Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131; u\u011fran\u0131lan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemi, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcresi, i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131demi ve \u00fccreti gibi konular g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle bir zarar\u0131n meydana gelip gelmemesi, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi konusunda \u00f6nemsizdir. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan i\u015f\u00e7i be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde tazminat talebi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7mal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer tazminatlar ile birlikte talep edilip edilemeyece\u011fi konusu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan bir husustur. Tazminat bir zenginle\u015fme arac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kanunda aksi \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan zarar bir defa tazmin edilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi tazminat\u0131yla birlikte talep edilemez. Zira, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla yap\u0131lan fesih ge\u00e7erli bir nedene dayanan fesih de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For detailed information on this subject, please contact our expert team. Contact <\/span><\/a>page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Other works we have prepared within the scope of Labor Law;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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