{"id":6008,"date":"2021-07-29T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=6008"},"modified":"2021-08-16T21:00:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T18:00:49","slug":"halki-kin-ve-dusmanliga-tahrik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/halki-kin-ve-dusmanliga-tahrik\/","title":{"rendered":"Inciting hatred and hostility or humiliation among the public"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Halk\u0131
Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik | \u0130zmir Ceza Avukat\u0131<\/strong> | Mustafa Yolcu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik<\/strong> Su\u00e7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5237 Say\u0131l\u0131 Turkish Penal Code<\/a> Madde 216- “(1) Halk\u0131n sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f, \u0131rk, din, mezhep veya b\u00f6lge bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip bir kesimini, di\u011fer bir kesimi aleyhine kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa alenen <\/strong>tahrik eden kimse, bu nedenle kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde<\/strong>, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131<\/strong> ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. (2) Halk\u0131n bir kesimini, sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f, \u0131rk, din, mezhep, cinsiyet veya b\u00f6lge farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanarak alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layan ki\u015fi, alt\u0131 aydan bir y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131<\/strong> ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik Su\u00e7unun olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m unsurlar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7 kapsam\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelten aleni bir tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu tahrik neticesinde kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Su\u00e7un bir \u0131rk, din, mezhep gibi farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama olarak i\u015flenmesi durumunda ise alt\u0131 aydan bir y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halk\u0131 Tahrik<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Madde gerek\u00e7esinde de a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; su\u00e7u olu\u015fturan \u201ctahrik\u201d, soyut sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ve reddin \u00f6tesinde, bir halk kesimine kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca tav\u0131rlar g\u00f6sterilmesini sa\u011flamaya veya bu t\u00fcr tav\u0131rlar\u0131 peki\u015ftirmeye objektif olarak elveri\u015fli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fail s\u00fcbjektif olarak da bu amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeli, halk kesimini kin ve nefrete tahrik etmelidir. Bu kapsamda salt y\u00fcz \u00e7evirme, soyut bir red veya sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ifade eden bir davran\u0131\u015fta bulunma veya bu y\u00f6nde s\u00f6zler sarf etme, su\u00e7un ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterli de\u011fildir. Fiilin su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, a\u011f\u0131r ve yo\u011fun bir tarzda kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrikin var olmas\u0131 gerekir. Di\u011fer bir tabirle etkili bir \u015fiddet \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ya da nefret s\u00f6ylemi i\u00e7ermelidir. Failin fiili, adet ve \u015fah\u0131s olarak muayyen olmayan toplum kesimi \u00fczerinde kin ve nefret duygular\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna veya mevcut duygular\u0131n peki\u015fmesine etkide bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Somut Tehlikenin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kanun koyucu da uygulamada olu\u015fan teredd\u00fctleri gidermek ve su\u00e7un somut tehlike su\u00e7u niteli\u011fini vurgulamak \u00fczere eski ceza kanunumuzda yer alan, \u201ckamu d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in tehlikeli olabilecek bir \u015fekilde\u201d ifadesi, yeni T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ile \u201ckamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik Su\u00e7u Emsal Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Somut olayda; davaya konu bildiri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle toplumda hi\u00e7bir tepki meydana gelmedi\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kal\u0131p 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 216. maddesindeki tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilmesi yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 8.CD., 04.06.2012 2010\/12318, 2012\/18956).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ckamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k, yak\u0131n ve somut bir tehlikenin saptanamamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, A\u0130HS\u2019nin 10. maddesi ve A\u0130HM\u2019nin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olay\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesinin gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden, soyut tehlikeden ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemi ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 belirlenemeyen ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131ndan bahisle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fc kurulmas\u0131 yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 8.CD., 28.12.2011,2011\/14850, 2011\/18205).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u2026konu\u015fma sonras\u0131nda herhangi bir olay ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi, A\u0130HS\u2019nin 10. maddesi ve A\u0130HM\u2019nin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyip, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden beraati yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay HGK,29.02.2012, 2010\/7607, 2012\/6296).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026 Gazetenin traj\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu ve Malatya\u2019da bu yaz\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak bir olay da meydana gelmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7eleriyle\u2026 san\u0131klar\u0131n beraatlerine karar verilmesi\u201d, Y 8. CD. 7.11.2002, 2002\/9667 E, 2002\/10406 K<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026 yaz\u0131\u2026 i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle toplumda hi\u00e7bir tepki meydana gelmedi\u011fi\u2026 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 216. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u2026Kald\u0131 ki, a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n tehlike bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCY.n\u0131n 216. Maddesinin gerek\u00e7esi nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gerek rapor nedeniyle gerekse bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan somut bir tehlike de s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Toplum kesimleri aras\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015f ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir infial, herhangi bir ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k saptanmam\u0131\u015f, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini bozan herhangi bir somut olgu da meydana gelmemi\u015ftir. , Y 8. CD, 13.3.2012, 2009\/16578 E, 2012\/7989 K<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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