{"id":5368,"date":"2021-06-14T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efeshukuk.com\/?p=5368"},"modified":"2021-06-24T14:52:03","modified_gmt":"2021-06-24T11:52:03","slug":"sanik-ne-demek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efeshukuk.com\/en\/sanik-ne-demek\/","title":{"rendered":"What does "defendant" mean?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"San\u0131k
What does "defendant" mean?<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

What Does "Defendant" Mean? | Izmir Criminal Lawyer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does "defendant" mean?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
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accused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

name, law<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A person who has been brought to court on suspicion of being guilty is called an accused.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In criminal proceedings, the term "defendant" refers to a person suspected of committing a crime after the indictment prepared by the prosecution is accepted by the court. Before the indictment is accepted, this person is referred to as a suspect, but after the indictment is accepted, they become the defendant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are the rights of the accused?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

SUPREME COURT<\/strong> 16th Criminal Division<\/strong> E. 2016\/7026<\/strong> K. 2017\/3341<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Savunma hakk\u0131 ile ilgili yasal d\u00fczenleme, taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve yerle\u015fik yarg\u0131sal uygulamalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CMK’n\u0131n 176. maddesinde, iddianamenin san\u0131\u011fa tebli\u011fi ve duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131na yer verilmi\u015f olup, \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n tebli\u011fi ile duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc aras\u0131nda en az bir hafta s\u00fcre bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.\u201d \u015eeklinde, san\u0131klara savunma i\u00e7in en az bir haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcreye riayet edilmemesi halinde CMK 190\/2 maddesi uyar\u0131nca san\u0131\u011fa ve m\u00fcdafiine \u201cadjournment of the hearing<\/em>\u201d"It will be stated that the defendant has the right to request [evidence]. If the defendant fails to appear at the hearing without a valid excuse, or if their questioning cannot be conducted without a valid reason, this will not prevent the presentation of evidence." (CMK 206\/1 m)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAfter the evidence has been presented, the floor is given, in turn, to the plaintiff, their representative, the public prosecutor, the defendant, their defense counsel, or their legal representative. The defendant has the final say before the verdict.<\/em>\u201d"(Article 216 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) This regulation specifies how evidence will be discussed and the order in which speakers will be given the floor.".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article 36\/1 of the Constitution emphasizes the right to defense, stating that "everyone has the right to assert and defend their claims before judicial authorities as a plaintiff or defendant, using legitimate means and methods, and the right to a fair trial.".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin “right to a fair trial<\/em>” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda: “Herkes medeni hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ile ilgili uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar ya da cezai alanda kendisine y\u00f6neltilen su\u00e7lamalar konusunda karar verecek olan, kanunla kurulmu\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan davas\u0131n\u0131n makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, hakkaniyete uygun ve a\u00e7\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In paragraph (3) of article 6 of the agreement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Bir su\u00e7 ile itham edilen herkes a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki asgari haklara sahiptir:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. To be informed as soon as possible, in a language he understands and in detail, of the nature and reasons for the accusation against him;<\/strong><\/li>
  2. Having the time and resources necessary to prepare his\/her defense;<\/strong><\/li>
  3. To defend himself or to have the assistance of a lawyer of his choosing;<\/strong> e\u011fer avukat tutmak i\u00e7in gerekli madd\u00ee olanaklardan yoksun ise ve adaletin yerine gelmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, resen atanacak bir avukat\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fccretsiz olarak yararlanabilmek\u2026” \u015feklinde adil yarg\u0131lama ilkelerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi’nin i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re adil yarg\u0131lama ilkelerine dair kriterler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u015fl\u0131klar halinde toplanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. The right to a trial within a reasonable time and the recognition of the right to a fair trial before an independent and impartial court established by law,<\/strong><\/li>
    2. Except for exceptions, trials are conducted in public.,<\/strong><\/li>
    3. To ensure a fair trial,<\/strong><\/li>
    4. The presumption of innocence must be respected.,<\/strong><\/li>
    5. Ensuring the right to know the accusation,<\/strong><\/li>
    6. The right to have the time and facilities necessary to prepare a defence,<\/strong> Ensuring the exercise of this right requires granting a reasonable time, depending on the volume of the case and the variety of evidence. Having the necessary facilities to prepare the defense includes access to the evidence contained in the case file. This right should be granted not only to the defense counsel but also to the defendant.<\/li>
    7. The right to self-defense or to legal assistance from a lawyer,<\/strong><\/li>
    8. The ability to question witnesses and discuss evidence with the public prosecutor on an equal footing during the trial.<\/strong> The right to be heard is ensured. However, there may be limitations on the exercise of this right. Examples include: the defendant's presence in the courtroom being inadvisable (Article 200 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), the inability to re-examine a witness who has already been heard during the trial (Article 211 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), the examination of confidential documents (Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), and the confidential hearing of witnesses whose public hearing poses a danger to themselves and the State (Articles 47 and 58 of the Code of Criminal Procedure).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      It is necessary to focus on the right to defense, which is a subject of debate among the principles of fair trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi “fair trial<\/em>” kavram\u0131ndan hareket ederek adil yarg\u0131laman\u0131n z\u0131mni gereklerini saptam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gereklerden en \u00f6nemlisi Anayasan\u0131n 36. maddesinde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015f olan “right of defense<\/em>“d\u0131r. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131ndaki savunma haklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 demokratik toplumun temel bir ilkesidir. Bu sebeple Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesine g\u00f6re, Ludi\/\u0130svi\u00e7re ve Artico\/\u0130talya davalar\u0131nda verilen kararlarda da belirtilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, hakkaniyete uygun bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yarg\u0131laman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerin, savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n yeterince ve tam olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile uyumlu olmas\u0131 ve bu haklar\u0131n teorik ve soyut de\u011fil, etkili ve pratik olacak \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan “hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lama” kavram\u0131, ayn\u0131 maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan “accused person<\/em>“nin asgari haklar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Hakk\u0131nda bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 olan ki\u015fiye tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f an\u0131lan f\u0131kradaki haklar, numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada yer alan hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lama ilkesinin somut g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleridir. Fakat hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lama \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki haklar ve ilkeler, (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kradaki kapsaml\u0131 olmayan listedeki minimum haklarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi’nin Asadbeyli ve Di\u011ferleri\/Azerbaycan karar\u0131nda belirtilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada yer alan asgari \u015f\u00fcpheli\/san\u0131k haklar\u0131, (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan daha genel nitelikteki “hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lanma” hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm \u015fekilleridir. Bu sebeple Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u00f6zel g\u00fcvencelerin, (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada yer alan “right to a fair trial<\/em>” \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. Di\u011fer taraftan, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi’nin P\u00e9lissier ve Sassi\/Fransa karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a-e) bentlerinde d\u00fczenlenen g\u00fcvenceler aras\u0131nda da ba\u011f bulunmakta olup bunlardan her biri yorumlan\u0131rken di\u011ferleri de dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple yaln\u0131zca (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada say\u0131lan haklara uygun olarak yap\u0131lan bir ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n, (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada yer alan “hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131” \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmeden, hakkaniyete uygun ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla adil oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde hakk\u0131nda bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131nda bulunulan ki\u015finin “To be informed in detail of the nature and reasons for the accusation against him\/her<\/em>” hakk\u0131, ki\u015finin savunmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayabilmesi i\u00e7in getirilmi\u015f bir g\u00fcvencedir. 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendi, cezai konularda hakkaniyete uygun bir yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6n ko\u015fulu olarak \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa detayl\u0131 bilgi verilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi, bilgilendirmenin \u015fekline dair herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck i\u00e7ermemekle birlikte bu g\u00fcvence, \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa hakk\u0131ndaki “reporting the accusation<\/em>” konusunda \u00f6zel bir \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmesi gereklili\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir. Bu sebeple (a) bendi uyar\u0131nca san\u0131\u011fa verilecek bilgi, kendisinin hangi fiil sebebiyle su\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu fiilin hukuki nitelemesinin ne oldu\u011funu i\u00e7ermeli ve detayl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131nda esasl\u0131 bir yeri olan iddianamenin tebli\u011f edilmesiyle, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde, su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n maddi ve hukuki temelinden resmi olarak haberdar oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ayr\u0131ca, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinin (a) bendi ile hakk\u0131nda bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131nda bulunulan ki\u015finin “Having the necessary time and facilities to prepare his\/her defense<\/em>” hakk\u0131na yer verilen (b) bentlerinin birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu; su\u00e7laman\u0131n nedeni ve niteli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlama hakk\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Savunman\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli zamana sahip olma hakk\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 36. maddesinde belirtilen “to use legitimate means and methods<\/em>” kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu hak gere\u011fince san\u0131\u011fa ve m\u00fcdafiine savunma i\u00e7in gerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapabilecekleri zaman\u0131n verilmesi gerekmektedir.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      For legal advice on this matter, please contact our expert team. Contact <\/span><\/a>page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Other works that may be of interest to you;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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